Assistance/clarification needed as I study

Hopefully this is a good idea as I think I will continue to keep getting questions that I need some insight on so I figured I would try and build it into a single thread and just keep adding to it and hopefully getting answers from other members.
I wish i could edit posts, unsure how/when that unlocks, but it would let me strike through answered questions or always update the OP with my newest ones. For now, we will just have to work vertically.

1) Is there an errata for the Goswami All-in-One Civil Exam Guide 3rd edition?
I haven't covered a ton of sections yet, but I keep finding errors or odd things that just seem completely out of place especially when it comes to working an example or problem in the book.

Just to show a couple examples of what I mean with my most recent findings...
1a) Problem 403-002: Are they looking this up in the 5th edition of the green book?
      Table 403.6 on pg. 824 of Goswami claims to reference the 6th edition and results in an extremely different answer from the solution.
      Otherwise is the table actually referencing the 5th edition and is miss-marked?
      I currently don't have a green book yet so I can't check the exhibit it calls out in the solution, I am getting the 6th edition though.
1b) Example 406.2: They give a shoulder width, show the value of 2.4 for f(lc), but then just skip it and use 0 when calculating FFS.
1c) Example 406.3: In the chapter they mention typically use 1 for f(p), but use 0.85 if it is recreational, but then in the solution they decide to use 0.9 out of nowhere.
      Are more values possible in other references or is this just semi-arbitrary?

2) What exactly is the difference between freeways and multi-lane highways?
     I haven't dug into the multi-lane highway chapter yet, but can tell it will have different calculations for FFS and such so I need to know how/when to use one on the exam.
     I would think freeways are a bit faster speeds, but there is some overlap for LOS like say 60mph.

3) I couldn't tell from the NCEES topics, but is it safe to skip the book's section on freeway ramps?
    I am leaning towards yes, but figured I'd be safe with another opinion.

I think that's it for tonight, I will start keeping track of my questions and adding them here as I already skipped over a few thought from the past week or so.
Thanks for any help you can provide.

1.)  Back in my day I received my errata directly from Dr. G.  I assume the process is still the same.  Contact him and ask if there is any errata.  http://engineerboards.com/index.php?/topic/25838-civil-pe-review-course-for-april-2016-exam/  You are wise to check for errata early on in your studies, good job. 

2.)  You are asking a question that is very easily answered in the HCM 2010 - a resource you should have if you are taking the Transpo depth.  Please read these chapters of the HCM and then let us know if you have any specific questions.  If it makes you feel better, the exam question will always state what type of roadway it is and, thus, you'll know which formulas to use.   

3.)  What book's section on Freeway Ramps?  No, I don't think there is any reason to assume you can skip it.  In looking at the exam syllabus, I could see a ramp question falling under either or both sections I and IV. 

I don't mean this in any rude way, I promise - I am just trying to help - but I can tell you are asking question before you jump in.  I'd suggest that you jump in and then ask questions.  Best of luck. 

Thanks for the reply and I will follow up with Dr. G, that is nice that he is available for things like this and doesn't just sell books and courses silently.

I can understand the suggestion to dig in further and then come back with questions that still remain, but I feel like my list of questions will keep growing or I won't be able to spread my time evenly around all the subjects if I am deeply researching a portion of one topic. Plus in my mind I'd like to know some of these things early on so that I can keep building on it or retain it better come test day. I will try and do a bit more research before asking a broad question and limit things to more specific ones, but at the same time, please do not feel the need to answer every question I ask. I do appreciate any time that people can devote to my questions though.

I do have one more that I forgot to ask when I started this:

4.) I plan to bring a tiny ruler to help with charts, but it seems like I can miss-estimate values by a fair amount and if this is used early on in the process, that error will continue to get worse. 
For example, say after looking at a chart the value is between 1.0 and 2.0 and I decide it is 1.8, but I find out the solution says they got 1.72.
If this was the final answer, I'd hope the choices wouldn't be stacked on top of each other allowing multiple to seem right, but if I had to use this value in an equation and then that answer in another I can see my final answer being a fair amount off and then be in-between two choices for the exam.

My question with all this is, have you guys decided to take the time to run an interpolation equation and try to get a confident value from the chart or will the exam leave enough variation in the answers so that best estimates will get you close and still feel confident?

Freeways fall under "uninterrupted flow" and with freeways come merge and diverge problems as well as weaving analysis. These types of analysis are very complex, and fall way outside the 6 minute average. I wouldn't spend a lot of time on them, but I'd look at a few to be at least familiar with the concept.

Think like the people who make the test.

Can they give you a freeway example showing on ramps and off ramps for 6 miles and ask for the LOS for ramp #5 .... sure they COULD. But they won't because it will take you forever. But you should probably know some of the THEORY behind the concept.

If a topic is in the NCEES Outline it is fair game. If a topic would take you 20 minutes to derive a solution, they're probably going to test the theory of that concept.

As for your question regarding interpolation, any number you need from some nomograph that has 500 lines at 200000 scale is going to be stated in the problem. These problems will not come to that level of ambiguity.

Good luck

I will have to come back with some additional questions I have been trying to keep together and ask all at once, but I wanted to know if anyone knew where to find a copy of the Goswami All-in-One index that I could print separately. I doubt trying to scan it would look very good. Would Dr. Goswami likely have a copy to share?

I recently got my CERM and they were nice enough to include the index on their website so I wanted to try and add the Goswami index into the same binding.

EhmayWuntee said:

I will have to come back with some additional questions I have been trying to keep together and ask all at once, but I wanted to know if anyone knew where to find a copy of the Goswami All-in-One index that I could print separately. I doubt trying to scan it would look very good. Would Dr. Goswami likely have a copy to share?

I recently got my CERM and they were nice enough to include the index on their website so I wanted to try and add the Goswami index into the same binding.

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I don't know of a A-i-1 index but, at least in my older A-i-1 and CERM, the A-i-1 index pales in comparison to the CERM's.  It's not nearly as comprehensive.  And not nearly as long.  I think you can simply copy/scan it and you'd be fine. 

ptatohed said:

I don't know of a A-i-1 index but, at least in my older A-i-1 and CERM, the A-i-1 index pales in comparison to the CERM's.  It's not nearly as comprehensive.  And not nearly as long.  I think you can simply copy/scan it and you'd be fine. 

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Thank you for your input, yes the CERM seems like a great index, but I am used to the A-i-1 so I think I'd find things in it faster at least for the morning.
I suppose I can bring it to work and see well how it scans before asking the author.

Speaking of the CERM vs. A-i-1, I know that a good portion may be due to the fact that I am not yet all that familiar with the CERM, but I took the NCEES morning portion today for the first time and found the A-i-1 to be a lot of help and actually seemed to have a few answers that I could not find when trying to cross reference the CERM for practice (found the topic, but not the answer I needed). I will look a bit deeper now that I am not in a test-like environment time crunch, but I may have to ask others that are currently studying this exam where they found the answer in the CERM or if they had to use another source.

I am glad to learn that the A-i-1 is a useful book and is well written, I will be sure to use it for the AM portion for sure, but it also slightly worries me that the PM portion means i need to really understand these other references I have, but barely glanced at. I expect to need to find things in their index and hope to get the answer or equation, but I also don't want to be skimming 4 pages looking for help due to not being super familiar with like 12 other books I am bringing. I realize some of these books might be covered a bit in another such as a table taken from the HCM and put in another and that a book may only be used for a single question, but I'd like to have some familiarity with them all as opposed to going in blind with a few such as the  Asphalt Handbook that I have yet to open.

EhmayWuntee said:

Thank you for your input, yes the CERM seems like a great index, but I am used to the A-i-1 so I think I'd find things in it faster at least for the morning.
I suppose I can bring it to work and see well how it scans before asking the author.

Speaking of the CERM vs. A-i-1, I know that a good portion may be due to the fact that I am not yet all that familiar with the CERM, but I took the NCEES morning portion today for the first time and found the A-i-1 to be a lot of help and actually seemed to have a few answers that I could not find when trying to cross reference the CERM for practice (found the topic, but not the answer I needed). I will look a bit deeper now that I am not in a test-like environment time crunch, but I may have to ask others that are currently studying this exam where they found the answer in the CERM or if they had to use another source.

I am glad to learn that the A-i-1 is a useful book and is well written, I will be sure to use it for the AM portion for sure, but it also slightly worries me that the PM portion means i need to really understand these other references I have, but barely glanced at. I expect to need to find things in their index and hope to get the answer or equation, but I also don't want to be skimming 4 pages looking for help due to not being super familiar with like 12 other books I am bringing. I realize some of these books might be covered a bit in another such as a table taken from the HCM and put in another and that a book may only be used for a single question, but I'd like to have some familiarity with them all as opposed to going in blind with a few such as the  Asphalt Handbook that I have yet to open.

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I don't see why the ai1 index wouldn't copy well enough.  No need to scan, right?  Just copy it. 

I had both the CERM and the ai1.  I found both to have certain strengths in certain areas.  I would write the cross-reference page number of the other book next to the topic in each book.  And then I made a note of which one I liked better.  I think I distinctly recall preferring the ai1 for open channel and closed conduit flow.  Sometimes they were equal but different in topic coverage and so, together, I felt like I got more of the big picture by reading the same topic in both books. 

Dude, start studying your PM material and learning/using your PM references.  Are you taking the exam in Apr or Oct?

Did you ever find/get errata from Dr. G.?

ptatohed said:

I don't see why the ai1 index wouldn't copy well enough.  No need to scan, right?  Just copy it. 

I had both the CERM and the ai1.  I found both to have certain strengths in certain areas.  I would write the cross-reference page number of the other book next to the topic in each book.  And then I made a note of which one I liked better.  I think I distinctly recall preferring the ai1 for open channel and closed conduit flow.  Sometimes they were equal but different in topic coverage and so, together, I felt like I got more of the big picture by reading the same topic in both books. 

Dude, start studying your PM material and learning/using your PM references.  Are you taking the exam in Apr or Oct?

Did you ever find/get errata from Dr. G.?

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Scan/Copy, similar thought, but yes should look the same.

PM materials is what I will be looking into now and the NCEES practice exam helped me see how to use them a bit.
I took the AM portion yesterday and PM today and did better than I thought I would have (80%). Iif the NCEES practice exam really is an accurate difficulty and example of the real PE then I feel more confident now than I did before taking it.

I am taking the PE in April and should hopefully be ready to go with everything by the time it arrives.
I am considering looking into purchasing one more sample exam type book of problems since I haven't really had many problems to work while studying.
Is there a recommended next best sample exam or book of problems that would be similar to the real exam (after NCEES)?
I am thinking since I like Dr. Goswami's book that his practice exam problems may be the better buy for me, but haven't look much into what else is offered for relatively lower costs.
I know the CERM has a big book of problems, but I thought they were mentioned as being a touch more difficult and may be overwhelming with so many problems to pick from, plus it was like $150 which I wasn't looking to spend last minute...

I was able to get the errata after a second email to Dr. G, it was a lot shorter than I expected and I am thinking it didn't cover everything that I felt like might have an error, but it did reassure a few things.
I looked into CERM errata and it seems like the 2nd printing is the latest which i have and that has 0 corrections to date.
I am finishing up marking the MUTCD and a few other books with their respective errata so I don't need to worry about a dumb error on the exam.

By the way, I only graded the PM portion of the practice exam and haven't look at the solutions yet so this number may be higher, but I am surprised by how many questions the AM portion used a Traffic Engineering book by Hoel and Garber as the reference, it was at least 4 if i recall. I am surprised they wouldn't classify that as a recommended book in their list if they like it so much.

Yeah, work as many practice problems as you can.  I think Dr. G's would be god practice problems to get.  I think I recall his being a little harder than the actual exam but not nearly as difficult as some of the PPI practice problems.  You can also seek out older version of the NCEES practice problems.    

ptatohed said:

Yeah, work as many practice problems as you can.  I think Dr. G's would be god practice problems to get.  I think I recall his being a little harder than the actual exam but not nearly as difficult as some of the PPI practice problems.  You can also seek out older version of the NCEES practice problems.    

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Thanks again for your help and advice.

I didn't realize until now, after taking a second look, that the Goswami practice exam seems to be based off the previous format since it was a 2012 printing. I guess he didn't write a new one to match the 3rd edition of his All in One Exam Guide. Perhaps it is still like 90% accurate in topics and I just need to watch the NCEES guide to be sure I don't get into a subject that isn't on the current format.

I did try a little bit in locating a 1 format prior version of the NCEES practice exam, but had no luck and I have a feeling it would be even harder to track down at this point. Unfortunately I don't really know any Civil Engineers to try and ask around  if they kept any old study materials from their past taking of the PE.

Alright I will likely have some more questions after I finish checking the solutions (only went through about 10), but I took a breadth practice exam from a new book I got (which was pretty dang hard) and here are 2 questions I have for now:

1) I had to take a Standard Penetration Test "N-value" and find the corrected "N-value".
The solution happened to use the Liao & Whitman C correction factor, but I don't know if there is any way to know WHY they picked this version of C as opposed to the other 3 in the book (Peck, Skempton, and Seed)
All 4 formulas will give a different C which results in a different N'. [N'=C*N]

Is the NCEES likely to suggest a certain C method or would vary their answers way off from any other possible solution no matter which you use?
Is the Liao & Whitman the standard one to choose? It happens to be listed as the first of the 4 "empirical equations". (AIO pg. 357)

2) The practice exam used a stationing call out of 20+0.00 (only one "0" after the plus sign) and I thought it must be some odd way of writing 200 ft.
It turns out that it meant 2000 ft which I have only ever seen written as 20+00.00.
Is this an acceptable way of writing a station or is it a typo or very poor practice that I likely won't be seeing used by NCEES?
AKA is 20+0.00 = 20+00.00 and actually seen in other scenarios besides this one question?

EhmayWuntee said:

Alright I will likely have some more questions after I finish checking the solutions (only went through about 10), but I took a breadth practice exam from a new book I got (which was pretty dang hard) and here are 2 questions I have for now:

1) I had to take a Standard Penetration Test "N-value" and find the corrected "N-value".
The solution happened to use the Liao & Whitman C correction factor, but I don't know if there is any way to know WHY they picked this version of C as opposed to the other 3 in the book (Peck, Skempton, and Seed)
All 4 formulas will give a different C which results in a different N'. [N'=C*N]

Is the NCEES likely to suggest a certain C method or would vary their answers way off from any other possible solution no matter which you use?
Is the Liao & Whitman the standard one to choose? It happens to be listed as the first of the 4 "empirical equations". (AIO pg. 357)

2) The practice exam used a stationing call out of 20+0.00 (only one "0" after the plus sign) and I thought it must be some odd way of writing 200 ft.
It turns out that it meant 2000 ft which I have only ever seen written as 20+00.00.
Is this an acceptable way of writing a station or is it a typo or very poor practice that I likely won't be seeing used by NCEES?
AKA is 20+0.00 = 20+00.00 and actually seen in other scenarios besides this one question?

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Not sure about #1 but with #2, the proper convention should be 20+00, not 20+0.  But, essentially, they mean the same thing I guess.  20 100-foot stations and 0 additional feet.  So, yes, 2,000 feet. 

I know I had at least one question from a practice exam i did this past weekend, but forgot to bring it with me to ask now so it will have to be later.

I do also have a general question though:
Why is it that on a horizontal curve the tangent distance (T) is not the same from PC to PI and PI to PT?
In the diagrams they label them as just "T" and not "T1" & "T2", but any problem I have ever done where you need to find the station of the PT, you cannot just add the tangent distance to the PI station, you have to take PI minus T to find the station of the PC and then add the curve length to get the PT. PI plus T can get close, but never accurate enough to use it as a shortcut.

EhmayWuntee said:

I know I had at least one question from a practice exam i did this past weekend, but forgot to bring it with me to ask now so it will have to be later.

I do also have a general question though:
Why is it that on a horizontal curve the tangent distance (T) is not the same from PC to PI and PI to PT?
In the diagrams they label them as just "T" and not "T[SIZE= 10px]1[/SIZE]" & "T[SIZE= 10px]2[/SIZE]", but any problem I have ever done where you need to find the station of the PT, you cannot just add the tangent distance to the PI station, you have to take PI minus T to find the station of the PC and then add the curve length to get the PT. PI plus T can get close, but never accurate enough to use it as a shortcut.

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The back-tangent and the forward-tangent are equal and the same length.  But, no, you can not add length T to the PI to get the station at the EC.  These facts are not contradictions. 

T + T will always be larger than L.  Think about it, if T = 1/2 L, then you wouldn't have a curve, you'd have a straight line.  Right? 

Sta BC = Sta PI - T 

Sta EC = Sta BC + L 

Does that help?

ptatohed said:

The back-tangent and the forward-tangent are equal and the same length.  But, no, you can not add length T to the PI to get the station at the EC.  These facts are not contradictions. 

T + T will always be larger than L.  Think about it, if T = 1/2 L, then you wouldn't have a curve, you'd have a straight line.  Right? 

Sta BC = Sta PI - T 

Sta EC = Sta BC + L 

Does that help?

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Yes it helps a bit and I appreciate the quick reply.
I cannot quite wrap my head around it completely, but I am committed and know that I just have to use the methods and formulas like you listed to get the accurate answer and not a close one trying some outside trick. It likely only takes a minute or so longer to do it right and I would not want to miss an "easy point" for trying to get fancy with it.

EhmayWuntee said:

Yes it helps a bit and I appreciate the quick reply.
I cannot quite wrap my head around it completely, but I am committed and know that I just have to use the methods and formulas like you listed to get the accurate answer and not a close one trying some outside trick. It likely only takes a minute or so longer to do it right and I would not want to miss an "easy point" for trying to get fancy with it.

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Let me know if you have any further questions about HCs that would help you grasp the concept a little better.

Don't forget the other common trap - for VCs: stationing for a vertical profile is measured along the horizontal, not as true length along the alignment. 

I'm talking another (newer) AM exam during work this week, did 2 hours today and will do 2 more tomorrow, its got some interesting ways of asking some questions and makes it a bit tricky, but is also really nice to get exposed to that now and not on the test if it pops up.
I will take the PM portion either Friday or Saturday, luckily Friday is a day off for a holiday so that helps.
I will likely have a question or two from it after I look through all the solutions.

I did remember to post my previous question I said I had, but didn't have with me, here it is:
I don't want to post an image or type it word for word due to copyright so if anyone happens to have the older Goswami practice book "Practice Exams for the Civil PE Exam" which has an orange bridge on it, it is problem 204.

Summary: Gutter flow in a triangular shaped gutter, 6 inch depth, Manning n=.014, Longitudinal Slope = 2%, gutter slope shows 2H:1V.
They are looking for the flow rate in CFS. Answers A) 0.8, B) 1.1, C) 1.4, D) 1.8

I used the Q=.56/n * (Sx)^(5/3) * (S)^(1/2) * (T)^(8/3) and plugged in Sx=.5, S=.02, T=1 and that gave me 1.782 so I went with D (1.8)
This equation is right out of his chapter on gutter flow and I cannot see why it wouldn't be usable as well as why it would be wrong since it seems this is what it was designed for.

The solution ends up finding the wetted perimeter and area to get the hydraulic radius and solve for velocity with:
V=1.482/n * R^(2/3) * S^(1/2) = 4.32fps and then times area to get 1.08 cfs leading to B (1.1)

EhmayWuntee said:

I'm talking another (newer) AM exam during work this week, did 2 hours today and will do 2 more tomorrow, its got some interesting ways of asking some questions and makes it a bit tricky, but is also really nice to get exposed to that now and not on the test if it pops up.
I will take the PM portion either Friday or Saturday, luckily Friday is a day off for a holiday so that helps.
I will likely have a question or two from it after I look through all the solutions.

I did remember to post my previous question I said I had, but didn't have with me, here it is:
I don't want to post an image or type it word for word due to copyright so if anyone happens to have the older Goswami practice book "Practice Exams for the Civil PE Exam" which has an orange bridge on it, it is problem 204.

Summary: Gutter flow in a triangular shaped gutter, 6 inch depth, Manning n=.014, Longitudinal Slope = 2%, gutter slope shows 2H:1V.
They are looking for the flow rate in CFS. Answers A) 0.8, B) 1.1, C) 1.4, D) 1.8

I used the Q=.56/n * (S[SIZE= 10px]x[/SIZE])^(5/3) * (S)^(1/2) * (T)^(8/3) and plugged in S[SIZE= 10px]x[/SIZE]=.5, S=.02, T=1 and that gave me 1.782 so I went with D (1.8)
This equation is right out of his chapter on gutter flow and I cannot see why it wouldn't be usable as well as why it would be wrong since it seems this is what it was designed for.

The solution ends up finding the wetted perimeter and area to get the hydraulic radius and solve for velocity with:
V=1.482/n * R^(2/3) * S^(1/2) = 4.32fps and then times area to get 1.08 cfs leading to B (1.1)

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I think you are correct.  It looks as though the 1.1 CFS would be derived if one were to (incorrectly) use the metric formula (with English variables).  I get 1.2 CFS this way.  Using the English formula, I get what you got: 1.8 CFS.

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qxVniIZRkPLU0gebhlkJrjrOxKfUwsKE9iTgfcVDTjrWhnDPmBQooTulxNsiuDGybdveKeZep+dsaMGW6oY787XiUHQ6yIC9QQ4ftJ5+9Woo7dFx3yLm9KkvYn/Z00GLts0KBBLkANuFt0+ZGpGce4ceNcExAaDit5gsvVEFeF7zCk3Bw3lVxw0bACAWtuqxX3agtErKJSu51lTNEVEi4NaXG/z56kpP2J8+CWkflj3DJ6XKQ9GVXWS5bkzvPSDATFpOQJSuX3QAghhoWHWJB5m6ywPsooW/kabh3e8/kR0pC0vaT8C/mev+4IK+H3Lq4aiulpN6XkQdFjSDzcBLGJvch4ZM2bN2/SoDZxLNLz1ATRwh6ryA9SE7ymnyEsoD59+rhO87XBawloTNq/lxWxTqIoNG0v2yvkexR0pjr0NGaxlVQ7cqUxOMctJhhbnl00RQzJWmW1S5cudel40vak5qOGDPJh+ciRI90wQ3EOZaQENCTt/4kVUvKtrch3o6TQtH1DjqWzFfnOLmYojaUkaX+sJppUlAKyZbfeequLCbVs2dKNmtuvX7+CBmvE3az49P2bVsiADbcylhkFILGTzVaietO93gouTC4KtZDYH5ZMOAIQNr6xcgoN9TXEWktaYWcFUBKFxAOO2xQn7IfROjZu3Gguu+wy55IxlHbVVU7z0N5jhWYZ2RRDTyuSXsfVwOXIBTETUvWkurNBUJp0fYYYELVeuMfdB3U3LXa2SM20dyHz6fVAGhrv3bvXde2bfpngZdP2LcTmTZtN587UEqTgBcj32I6MTwcypp3Aeulte8qF7THsuUD5R+TYdqqQig8KKU5I+8eVKmfUWNLxuFi4hZkqqasKTrW4EQip89+thDnOir/ef1vJxPdWeljx188lW61kgNGNcaX31uytW9+Cm00JhnzmmlItL/x6xq916x8a/LfCbey749wPY8aMcZ/5z9h2bItt++ED1kvjuWzt27d364ng7kcSrO9EKQpFz7Jt2LAh+FRHsbNsuGUUKdJfN4FqunwlaK5V0haxegSsmttSH9PgrknDVmGGlfA8AYvL3y7ZMTJIC6xIdgzxs2Y50v32JWWOPvroYCoFHfpRlEoDZkZfIQvq9yW1c//O4JMlVIgow0VF3X9yf9A/Ffdiri5hSHywvog0nGbwCpI0SnwUXSGtXLnSdblx0UUXOcUBxVBINHDFLWPb3LTdu3d3pji1QwwVpFhQKKI4fIXwjBVf2eB2CZKq5gGnO5AoUGAC6XjcMWpscAcp4xLx8ZVTBPR+8NNPPwVTdUycONGsXbvWfPDBB+bee+8N5qbcuff/4/1gqj7Dhg1L96bw1FNPmcmTJ7vP0KpVK+ceooTY7u+//+56YoBM9yWju3CviQhU7OMCKvFRdIXEDcWb6MYbbzTDhw93fUo3BuJPWEO9evVyCoixy9g++/HjBlUNAWZqb7BkBJSFxI9QNrIMi0kUDEoDy0aUF8skJuLjWyPhmBTrT7FCPEWUXg5lBCeeeKJp0SKIH0GwDxTPvn37zO7du8327dtTMy2zZs0yL7Z6MZiqT9u2bc1ff/3lYkJvv/22s6wEYkFPP/206yxv+vTp5uWXX3brQ6Z+uvgO20JQYAKd7xWSHFEaQOC6xYb44YVC7IDv4c/Ta4BVQsGSzLCe7I/PxJiqgqjmC3OskCL3591txY8FPWoF/LgT3wvjNwFZboWYFOtlajYh280AMSSkXtp8AEtSMR/KRYjbDBw4MDXTQsyJeXv+a0/9fVmxLyn3HWJExCuJJfoxpEyxxXq3vxdDku/mJFjfSS6IqXFeuAY8DvzexVaUesTedIRsVyHNLRiPjE7eiDHwPawhhon233pRUIFNHIG3GNXXpP137vRiDpVMVOyHU4741RZ+LAgrRtL9/YP/EDUcHKUBAm7d36xQFBguTGR/ZOuIL+WA2N/KE1YGUxZrtX228jPn5uOCE7chRsj9gLvFvcC8tnekrBsfXDKuOetx3+QLFhKZWaxw3xXDMmKeiAx8yrHUiyFlswSxHMkITrBCRhMLks9cA7KUWKlkDUOxsKonUEyxMW3atJxvHIoQWadLly7urYVMmjQpWJofvB3pgykXo0aNCj5VEL6lEfXG5q0cXs48AYtHslb8Dxf5sTyclRNh/lgrWGN5wvUm+4rsOHVHelvvPvZurX34UytZ9uzZ44pbrateV6jqH2sgYj0vWrTI/ccylnn8z2Qpz58/P30cPx39U3p7Mk9ELCyOpd495hdTYvWIZDpXYSnccah4ilqHhP/PW8rPdhEUJPaDlROGNw5FjLzheLMxagc+Om8lrB2EnhjpozoXDDXNW863xnjDEmviuLZs2eIyNqwXd01UyaH9Vrg2KHxV/WYO8IkV33D1lxMnIoPmQxaON7wPFlaB7bS4tlxrrBNGZvnnp/80Pf8XE8KYz1t8brr90c19pkH2H3/8kbZyWZ8gNNf03z//2wzwWqw2s38sJ47ENvku15vP1KHl0wxowYcLzHEHUibPpf95qdnfInoUGPZDIsXh1yHlguQB9V5Yo8TsGlK8WQ04tVQkeHvg61P34WIEFiwd4jk+1A4R52H3LPdrTXwkjiTbygZvMdaV3h0R4k/EFHi7si8ES6riCHfzgQURBZeBZcR+wrxjxd9GVF1SuMYJ8S2thnC/FX97WeqX0hCL8b9DnVRj8a1M4mz5EGV5irANLEdibZusKHnBqSs6KIAJEya4h79Vq1ZOOUigkT6FmI/wGZM4ruAz5j/7AJQlQVJRghUV8A4/oLgSDQElJNuIct2AoLbvqiA8zL7Lkk0WWAnjK4OoIs4wHJe/f7qebSwNUYzAeihzRGk0nPrYwMJB8aAErKnrFIJvDclyrCqsoGIoCX8bxAjYr8A+2B8WHPPzydyVBeFsWpCxahC+FVTfsK0DpcHb399nvhJlvYmlUUiDWP84idkUAxSmbFMbyzYJnPpYQUFgHWVqac9yXDh6a2ysQiL1i0WEi4jwWQKSgEKSYDn7TAdKKwE/kNoYN4oHUYLGuSwt0tZRAfVsgiIrBv5xIsUAS4ttouyUJiH2xrWlhr6YpELcuor1AuyUBlill1eQvOzwA6zLrTSml8IHrNDcpAFB65Iix8lv5TcrZU/FKaSqpYsVWvrDVivJ6zVYUXISe2GkUiJuDf6TWlZlpJQpaiEpipIY1EJSlIRAYS9NWWgITPElBb0+frcp9FwQhh4xgO34vRUQV5WmMWyT3gwEpmkqEyfsj146unbtmrWxPQXLqpAUJSFcd911TukMHDjQ9Xzau3fvYEkK2ngKtHKg6l2YO3euefzxx93nVatWOSUkPRaQ5Dl48KBbxvbPOeecdJs8Rmn2u1jJB/bL/kkS8V+gLyppG4jIPuhhgd4aPv/8c/Pdd99F9lkFM2fOzK2QGL+ME8F/RVHigYeUbnLpe57MMP9pYuNbSX4TGJSWP3QXn2lYDjU1NS7DzDZE/C54yTRLI2Sawvj4Si4TU6ZMcZ3ecTw0ahZWr17tugdiOSL9TdH8Rzrao2nXtm3R7W3YXlaFhOnIhoH/jLcWNiMVRWk8PMxneT1aoBh4eCP78ragtFBCPI9YIuvXr08rLBQOy7BgkLAxgdJAKWDNhJUD7UpzgRJDH9CTB4pPdAKfRRkhYWUnZJoPWRUSB/7tt9+6bjz537dvX9cJu6IoxaVdu3bBp1T3J4xrSM+oftwoDFbOihUrnLXC6DoCDdTpAI//iL9t4BnGjZozZ45rkOwjVlY2wt9h3EX46KOP3HGL+F26iNJCWWaCQR2y1rhS6UxFs6Io8UJLBtp8+jDtN2+i2ZOPfIemV9Y9CuamulyxFkowVR9aLtChHbAOTagyrZsJ9iktIMLHHAXr0lyLVhL+sdJ0TLYDjImY1UJCy6F9mzVr5tw1P4ClKErxoJ9vXCCGeafLZrJSwBBMgrRAEKRvcKsU3AAJAhYWLqC4bIj/XXHLrIL4f+4TAe5cAxmgE3An5XMucC9x4YhtcVxyrOzbd0lpQZFXHRKm17x589wPmz17tunf3+9iUFGUYoEyIQjM4AThPuNJ6/vjygHz2rRpU+/B5nmVsehkebdu3Vxf4rhOBw4cSPcrzv5A+gqnnCCc3SslGRUSWpJUHR2cCQxPQ6dXFdkWTFGUJiejQiINiaacOnWqM8+I4o8fP96ZXH6DVUVRlGKR1WXDfLvrrrvM1q1bnW+LH6jKSFGUuNC2bIqiJIacldqKoiilQhWSoigJwZj/A2ITkgmfnUoSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC             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

ptatohed said:

I think you are correct.  It looks as though the 1.1 CFS would be derived if one were to (incorrectly) use the metric formula (with English variables).  I get 1.2 CFS this way.  Using the English formula, I get what you got: 1.8 CFS.

Click to expand...

Yes i could see that as well and likely a common mistake on the exam somewhere to the point that they would include it as one of the answer options. In this case though, he did use an English formula, just one for normal flow in open channels (AIO Pg. 602) as opposed to the one built for flow in gutters and swales (AIO Pg. 630).

The text says "modification of Manning's equation is necessary for use in computing flow in triangular channels." So it does look like his choice in formulas used was incorrect and 1.8 CFS is indeed the correct answer.

I will trust my gut with this one and continue to use the gutter flow equation if a question like this pops up on the April PE.